Based upon the past 40 years of research on learning/cognitive styles, listed below are the major types/categories. With all of these learning styles, how can a teacher accommodate them given a typical, heterogenous online classroom...what's teacher to do?
- Converger; diverger; assimilator; accommodator (Kolb’s LSI)
- Concrete sequential; abstract random; abstract sequential; concrete random (Gregorc’s learning style topography)
- Leveling/Sharpening cognitive styles (Klein)
- Impulsive/Reflective cognitive styles (Kagan)
- Visual/Haptic (Lowenfeld & Brittain)
- Sensory/intuitive; visual/verbal; active/reflective; sequential/global (Felder & Silverman four-dimension model)
- Grasha-Reichmann Student Learning Style Scales
- Activists; reflectors; pragmatists; theorists (Honey & Mumford's learning styles)
- Analytic/non-analytic; conceptualizing (Messick)
- Canfield Learning Styles Inventory
- Verbalizer-Visualizer learning styles
- Field dependent/field independent (Witkin’s cognitive styles)
- Visual, aural, kinesthetic (Dunn & Dunn)
The complete inventory can be reviewed here: Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning. Learning Skills and Research Centre, London. Retrieved from http://www.leerbeleving.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/learning-styles.pdf
