Security is crucial to student motivation, in that students must believe they are capable of meeting the requirements of the course and are able to perofrm the tasks assigned. Security can be enhanced through the use of a sullabus, stating the learning objectives, laying out the assignments, and providing grading rubrics to make clear the criteria on which they will be graded. Autonomy is the other half of student motivation. Adult learners must feel they have control over their learning, and this can be accomplished through using more discussion than lecture formats, giving students a selection of assignments sor some projects, and providing enough small grades, such as quizzes, that the lowest can be dropped, reflecting that occasional failure is necessary to success. Students must also be kep informed of their progress, with continual feedback about their grades, where they are succeeding or struggling, and what might guide them to greater success.
