Hi Ernest, I agree with you on the intrinsic component. We can get the perfect learning environment but if we are not reaching the intrinsic needs of the students the "take aways" for the students will be little or none. They have to internalize why they are in the class and learning what they are. There are three areas in which students function in classes the physical, social and cognitive. By functioning in these three areas they will develop knowledge and skills that will enable them to achieve entrance in their career field. If they have internalized the "big picture" of their field and have an understanding of how all the various parts fit together then their chances of success are much higher. Gary