Hi Robert, Thank you for this excellent discussion on the reasons for using a grading rubric. You are dead on in your analysis. I use a rubric in all of my courses for the reasons you stated. In doing so it reduces many questions from the students because the earning of points is clearly spelled out within each category. I want to support your comment about the call from the parents and lawyers. The past three years have been a challenge because parents (helicopter parents as they are called) are calling about their son or daughter all the time. The grading rubric has been able to resolve all of their questions and the issues have gone no further. Gary