Lito, Nice sentiments. It's true that nearly everything associated with pleasure, reward, achievement, or personal satisfaction will likely be remembered. Boy, integrating activities that students receive as pleasurable or significant to them in every class session ought to be our goal. I liken this a little bit to the "what's in it for me" idea, in that if we can get students to see benefit or value to them personally by our instructional methods, they would surely retain important pearls of information we want them to possess. Barry Westling