Dr. Richard, Great! There really is not a substitute for preparedness. Students grow to expect their teacher to be the expert, to have the materials, resources, and instructional tools needed for a class. When students appear and the teacher has everything laid out, copies made, objectives written on the board, that makes a statement "I'm ready" and "I'm serious" about this class. Preparedness makes it more likely a class will be lively, upbeat, enjoyable, and interesting. Barry Westling