Lynn, I'm with you. As someone in the medical field, you and I understand that in much of what we teach, there cannot be marginal performance or make-up "extra credit" assignments in order to get a higher (or passing) grade. No one would want to have someone perfom a delicate medical procedure on them if they were not proficient. I think those advocate for EC are in the libearl arts, where perhaps there is more tolerance for it. But I don't think there much of a place for it in the medical sciences. Each school and teacher has to decide what works best for them. Barry Westling