Hi Sharon:
Teachers view grading different ways. Some will drop the lowest quiz. Others may give a bonus question on an exam. To me these are examples of adjusting the grade, but it's based on learned material and demonstrates knowledge, as opposed to "giving away points" for extra credit assignments that, while some learning may occur, diminish the defined learning that should have occured.
Some schools actually prohibit the awarding of extra credit for many reasons. But they've done it in order to improve the learning, not inflate grades.
Regards, Barry