Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences posits that intelligence is not a single ability but a combination of distinct types, each representing different ways of processing information. He initially identified seven types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Later, Gardner expanded the theory to include naturalist and existential intelligence. This approach challenges traditional education systems by emphasizing the importance of catering to diverse learning styles and encouraging personalized learning experiences.