David, excellent point. Your students need to expect that you will begin on time and end on time. Coming in late will require them to do more work to catch up with notes from others in their class or to review any documents you may provide for them after a course is completed. There are some institutions that require an instructor to stop what they are doing, catch late arriving students up when they show up late and for my two cents, this is really a bad situation. For one, it shows other students that there is nothing to value in being on time, second it shows students that their time is not as important as others because they show up on time and still get the same information as those showing up late or leaving early and as a last point I will make, it is just unprofessional. Start on time, teach all the way to the end of class and force those that show up late or leave early to do some extra work to get caught up. Of course I also have to state I feel it is important to offer office hours and reflective notes at the end of every class. Some students try very hard to make it to class on time and not leave early but life situations can take place that make such dedication impossible. There is a way to meet the needs of both groups of students and maintain a professional classroom management process. James Jackson