Cynthia, great point and in my experience of 14 years there has ALWAYS been a root cause of student misbehavior. Interesting side note, there are some colleges that have reported a significant reduction in classroom disruptions when they introduced a counseling element into their environment. The ability for students to have access to a professional counselor gives them a trusted outlet for their issues that are not academic in nature. Your story seems to demonstrate this issue to some extent as you were able to identify a root cause of the disruption outside of anything academic in nature. Thanks for sharing. James Jackson