jason, well stated. Each group of students and each student will act differently. Knowing your students and knowing how to regain their focus is important. One technique that is used is to include a discussion on day one of your classes that has each student describe how they feel the instructor should respond should that student be found not to be paying attention or behaving in an inappropriate manner. The instructor then can use these techniques later when students are not behaving in an appropriate manner. You can also remind them of the day one conversations and just use that as a way to get them to realize you are concerned with their current behavior. James Jackson