Marshall, you may be missing the point of our discussion. There are many instructors that achieve very complex learning objectives and never use a traditional assessment. I do not mean to over simplify the topic here but you need to keep an open mind and consider that other methods do exist to deliver learning objectives and to get students actively involved. Brute force assessment is a tool for less skilled educators. Connecting with your students and learning from them to better meet their needs is as much an art form as it is a science. Become a student of your own students and learn from them as much as you teach them and you will go far as an educator. James Jackson