Donald, sounds like you are dealing with the extreme case of conditional testing. Cause and effect is at a very high point when not passing an exam results in loss of opportunities. Brings up a very interesting point about the purpose of assessment. Is assessment to be used to sift out a certain population of students or should it be used as an educational tool? In your case, it is obviously used to qualify some and disqualify others. Do you know if any studies or research that has been done with respect to measuring any loss of potentially qualified candidates that did not test well but otherwise would have been good candidates to move forward within the selection process? The results of such a study may reveal that 100% of those that do not test well are not qualified to move on in the selection process. Would be interesting to review such a data set. Thanks for any information you can provide to the group. Regards, James Jackson