Cliff, Good question and one that has a depends answer. I agree about the students needing to be able to function alone because they will be doing so in the workplace in a lot of situations. I use group activities and learning groups to reinforce concepts and make applications. The majority of time the students are doing case studies and problems when in groups. I would estimate I use groups for 25-30% of the course though this is not a hard and fast rule because a lot of it depends on the students I have in the course that phase. Hope this answers your question in a a way that you can use it as a guideline. Gary Dr. Gary Meers