Hi Gregory: In another module, we talk about using pretesting which can help assess where our students are at in the knowledge level. But a properly written course outline, objectives, student learning outcomes, and assessments based on the couse content should keep most student informed and current. A good syllabus that defines expectations can also help avoid misunderstandings that could negatively imnpact the student grade. I think if we portray interest, excitement and motivation in every class, students will more apt to lean this way also, and buckle down with the assignments. That said, you'right, students are students, and sometimes they need to be reminded about why they're in school. For me, I call that "a talk from Dad". Regards, Barry