Michael, You've got a point about subjecting students to undesirable ordors, substances, or auditory extremes (crying, yelling, etc.). Of course, the instructor should be sensitive to the instructional environment their students are involved with. Yet it's true, that when more sensory stimulation is involved students retain information better, longer, and itr becomes useful later on it their actual work setting. A good example is an odor (or fragrance) that immediately brings a memory. Amazing recall power! Barry Westling