Hi Rochelle, Good point about distractions. Students invariably are asking "what is required of me", or or what is it that I am supposed to do?". A well organized class provides the answers to these questions in a general way and specific way. General, through the syllabus with details of teacher expectations. Specific, through daily learning objectives, perhaps written on the board, displayed in a PPT slide, or handed out. Disorganization can lead to confusuion, and students are seeking clarity. Even small actions can help in bigger ways in the minds of students. Barry Westling