Elizabeth, Right. I see two main users, those "go-getters", and the "likely to fail group". For me, in both cases but for different reasons, I have chosen not to offer extra credit. I'll give bonus points on an exam, and drop the lowest quiz score (because I give a lot of 10-point quizzes). I feel these are enough to compensate for fairly and accurately reported grades and true degree of material learned. EC distorts gardes, is subjective, is more about points and grades than learning. I have had few good experiences with EC, so I just don't give it (and student's know not to ask). Barry Westling