Hi Michael, EC may be helpful in some classes where it it has no tangible bearing on their actual work performance, in a career or professional sense. But when skills, tasks, or applications of information is required, fudging a bit is not helpful in my opininon. A great examaple is CPR. Who would want a student learning CPR to miss some of the key skills, fall a bit short, but be given EC to compensate for an otherwise lower grade (or failing grade)? For me, there are more problems giving EC than rewards, so I choose not to give it. Again, each teacher and institution has to decide on their own. This is my personal bias. Barry Westling