Hi William: I maintain that points on assignments and grades on tests and quizzes are merely a means to an end. We have to do it in order to provide some level of objectivity and fairness in evaluating students. Regardless, if a course states taht tests and quizzes will contribute to the grading process, then it is the responsibility of the student to do their best on these, as all assignemnts. Of course, most of us are employed in an educational institution that require or have existing standards for grading students. Then, we owe our employer their due as their agents. Regards, Barry