Jennie: There could be little argument against the attributes of fairness and equity. I suppose these key tenets could be subject to interpretation. To avoid misunderstandings, I maintain two features are needed. One is assuring there are correctly developed student learning outcomes (SLO’s) defined for a given lesson. The other is assuring these SLO’s are covered in the class (at a minimum). This is only way objective-based testing can be practiced in a fair and equitable manner. Regards, Barry