In my career it was both. The real question, depending on circumstances and roles, is what the ratio of leadership to management is. The larger the organization, the more distinct the separation between leaders and managers. Consequently, the greater likelihood of impersonal relationships, conflict, miscommunication, and poor retention. I've seen, heard about, and experienced it. I'd say that in the majority of organizations, leadership & management activities overlap to varying degrees. Significant delineation of these roles may well be the only option for large purely metric driven organizations. Real innovation comes when an organization can replicate the ability of people… >>>

Comment on Anthony Rhodes Nalls's post: I agree. And maybe in a small organization the manager is the leader and vice versa. As you say, without a clear goal or vision objectives may be blurred.

There are primary and secondary skills that impact both managers and leaders. Great managers primarily are task oriented but need to possess some leadership qualities when managing people. The same can be said for leaders with the skills switched. Leadership requires greater people skills and less task emphasis. Managers operate more so within defined boundaries whereas leaders likely establish them.

Effective course delivery starts with a well-designed content format. From there the instructor can focus on student interaction and communication. Each area is equally important and leads to overall effective course delivery.  

Ultimately your own evaluation of the course is evidenced by student outcomes, attitudes, and interaction. We cannot control every aspect of student involvement or environment, but we can set a high standard for effectiveness for the majority of students.

Both learning methods require planning, organization, and communication to students. These are required for effective instruction.

I've learned to intently consider all learning tools and the impact they will have on my delivery. Will it be effective? Will it complement my teaching style?

Safety compliance in the lab space, as it is in the workplace, must be considered a behavioral issue. To make safety the highest priority, it must be imbedded in a curriculum and emphasized early and ongoing!  

I see a multi-layered approach being the most effective starting with rubric as the foundation. Many adult learners may need to be "taught" or guided in the new approach of cognitive instruction.

The amount and detail of instruction psychology is amazing. This data allows for a revolution in how information and skills are delivered.