Being creative and using sometime your own challenges as examples to overcome something, has turn around some of those "difficult" students.

I think connecting with the students can have a greater impact than a grade.

I find that being passionate about the subject, motivate students more, it's almost a way of connecting beyond just assignments and critiques. They enjoy when you give real examples or stories from your work experience.

Patience and the way we communicate in class can make the difference. Helps with engagement too.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators can be more beneficial. People's motivations can vary during a course or even depending on the task at the moment.

Some students needs more guidance than others. Creating an environment that support both guidance and self autonomy is the way to achieve a balance.

Setting the tone of the class early help students have a clear idea of how the class is going to be, what is expected. Will help them feel safe and confident.

Adult learners are driven by clear specific goals. No time to waste since they have more responsibilities and limited time compare to the younger students.