I'd like to make a plug here for the use of extra credit. I do use it, but only allow it up to a maximum of 20 points, which is 2% of the overall course grade. Earning this bonus is tough and requires a typed critical analysis of something related to class content, but done outside of class. Only a very strong essay of a certain length (& fulfilling certain requirements) earns full bonus. I feel very good about offering this bonus because there are a number of assignments I have which cannot be made up if a student is not in class… >>>