I have found that my students are really motivated to learn when they fully grasp how the learning will add value to their lives. For some that value is job security or promotion; for some it is enriched personal relationships. Show them "What's in it for me?" and they are more likely to work hard to learn the material or skill.

It has been my experience that students who have put forth a sincere effort to reach their goals feel more successful when they finally do reach them. Students feel patronized when we instructors praise them for lackluster efforts. They know that in the real world, success is measured by effort. There really are no shortcuts.